Saudi Arabia holds a unique position as both the heart of the Islamic world and a nation undergoing rapid transformation. With a rich cultural heritage, strategic location, and vast natural resources, the Kingdom is a key player regionally and globally. Today, Saudi Arabia is balancing tradition with innovation, modernizing its economy, expanding cultural and educational opportunities, and engaging more actively on the world stage. This profile explores the country’s demographics, economy, culture, and evolving role in global affairs.
- Population: 34.2m
- Geography: Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East, spanning over 2 million km² of the Arabian Peninsula. Its landscape includes vast deserts, coastal plains, rocky plateaus, mountain ranges, and a long coastline along both the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea.
- History: The first Saudi State was established in 1139 AH / 1727 AD in Al-Dir'iya, its capital, by Imam Muhammad bin Saud.
- System of governance: Monarchy
- Demographics: 67% of the population is under 35 years
- Languages of Instruction: Arabic in Schools, with English introduced as a mandatory second language for all children since 2020. Arabic and English in Higher Education.
- Major Conurbations: Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Mecca, Medina
- Economy: Saudi Arabia is the fastest-growing G20 economy in 2022. Overall growth reached 8.7 percent, reflecting both strong oil production and a 4.8 percent non-oil GDP growth.
- Science and Technology: Saudi Arabia is investing in science, technology, and innovation to build a knowledge-based economy and move beyond oil, in line with Vision 2030. Focus areas include AI, robotics, biotech, and renewable energy, led by initiatives like SDAIA.
- Tourism: In 2024, Saudi Arabia welcomed 30 million international tourists, with a record $40.95 billion in inbound tourism spending.
- Sports: Saudi Arabia embraces a variety of sports, with soccer being the most popular, followed by horse and camel racing, falconry, and hunting.
- Saudi Seasons: Saudi Arabia hosts a wide range of seasonal festivals and events, including Riyadh Season, Jeddah Season, Sharqiyah Season, Taif Season, Soudah Season, Diriyah Season, and AlUla Moments.
- Entertainment: Saudi Arabia offers diverse entertainment, from major sports and cultural festivals to world-class theme parks, outdoor activities, shopping, and family-friendly attractions.
- Upcoming Global Milestones: World Expo 2030, FIFA World Cup 2034, Diriyah as the Capital of Arab Culture for 2030
- Heritage and Culture: Saudi Arabia’s arts and culture is rich with Arabic calligraphy, classical and Nabati poetry, and regional folklore. Traditional dances like the Ardah and oral storytelling preserve cultural heritage, while literature, film, and contemporary art becoming very popular.
- Cuisine: Dishes like Kabsa and Mandi, is a key part of the country’s culture. Arabic coffee is a symbol of hospitality and respect, often served to guests.
Saudi Arabia is a country of deep heritage and rapid transformation, blending tradition with modern ambition. From diverse landscapes to growing sectors like science, tourism, and the arts, it presents a dynamic national profile. With a young population and a focus on innovation and cultural exchange, the Kingdom is shaping a unique global identity. As it prepares to host major international events and invests in creativity and talent, Saudi Arabia is confidently stepping into a new chapter on the world stage.
